Depression and Mood Disorders

Understanding Major Depressive Disorder and Persistent Depressive Disorder

Depression is a mental health condition, where someone has been sad or irritable for an extended period of time. It’s normal for people who are going through difficult times to feel low, but if that sadness continues, even when things change, then they may be experiencing depression. Typically when someone is depressed they don’t appear to be enjoying the things that they would usually enjoy, have low energy, and may think about or attempt suicide. While depression usually begins in the teenage years, younger children can also be diagnosed. There are a range of different forms that the condition but the two more common known forms are Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD).

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD): This is the most common type of depression, with the most significant sign being a change in mood. Other symptoms may include, feeling hopeless, lacking in energy, difficulty concentrating, low self-esteem, eating too much or too little. Where someone experiences severe symptoms lasting between two weeks to several months, they may be experiencing depression. An important consideration for parents and caregivers, a child may feel sad, be irritable or quick to anger over small triggers, and lose interest in things they previously enjoyed. There are times when a person may have an “atypical depression” where they may initially appear to not enjoy an activity, then when in the moment they enjoy it. This is a rare condition and can be difficult for parents, as it is unclear how the young person is feeling rather appearing to be generally “un-cooperative”; but of course, the young person requires mental health assitance. If it appears that a pattern in mood is emerging, it may be time to start a conversation with the young person and reach out for support from a trusted professional.

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia) (PDD): The symptoms are consistent with major depressive disorder, but milder and lasting for a year or more. Symptoms may increase and decrease in severity over time, but will not diminish for more than two months. Symptoms of PDD can be decpetive during childhood and adolescent, as the symptoms can also be interpreted as their growing personality, albeit at that time more “moody”. Treatment is important and can be make a real difference for the young person and their families.

Treatment is very effective for all types of depression and may include both therapy and medication. While medication can help reduce symptoms, therapy then teaches skills to help manage moods and develop health ways of coping with distress and other uncomfortable feelings. In all cases, support from a care team is recommended, starting with a GP or local hospital.